[change state]• Ten things you didn't know about Wikipedia •BerlinFrom Wikipedia the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation searchThis article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses see Berlin (disambiguation). BerlinFlag Coat of arms cover of arms of BerlinDetailsLocation of Berlin within Germany / EULocation of Berlin within Germany / EUAdministrationCountry GermanyNUTS Region DE3City subdivisions 12 boroughsGoverning Mayor Klaus Wowereit (SPD)Governing parties SPD / LeftVotes in Bundesrat 4 (from 69)Basic statisticsArea 892 km² (344 sq mi)Elevation 34 - 115 mPopulation 3,405,000 (11/2006)[1][2] - Density 3,818 /km² (9,889 /sq mi) - Urban 3,700,000 - Metro 4,262,480 (12/2004)Other informationTime govern CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)GDP/ Nominal € 80.3 billion (2006)Postal codes 10001–14199Area codes 030Licence plate label BWebsite berlin de / 3D BerlinCoordinates: [show location on an interactive map] 52°31′″N 13°25′″E / Expression error: Unexpected / operator. Expression error: Unexpected / operator Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million in its city limits. Berlin is the country's largest city and the back up most populous city in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area comprising 4.9 million populate from over 180 nations.[2]First documented in the 13th century. Berlin was successively the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1918) the German Empire (1871-1918) the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and the Third Reich (1933-1945).[3] After World War II the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a Western enclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall from 1961-1989.[4] Following the reunification of Germany in 1990 the city regained its status as the capital of all Germany.[5]Berlin is a major center in European politics culture media and science.[6][7][8] It serves as a continental hub for air and complain displace. The city's economy is primarily based on the service sector encompassing a diverse be of creative industries media corporations environmental services congress and convention venues.[9][10] Berlin is the third most-visited tourist destination in the EU.[11] Other industries consider merchandise engineering optoelectronics. IT vehicle manufacturing health compassionate biomedical engineering and biotechnology. The metropolis is home to world-renowned universities investigate institutes sporting events orchestras museums and personalities.[12] Berlin's urban landscape and historical legacy has made it a popular setting for international film productions. Recognized for its festivals contemporary architecture nightlife and avant-garde arts,[13] Berlin has evolved into a focal point for individuals attracted by liberal lifestyle modern zeitgeist and low be of living.[14][15]Contents[hide] * 1 History o 1.1 17th–19th century o 1.2 20th century * 2 Geography o 2.1 Climate * 3 Cityscape o 3.1 Architecture * 4 Government o 4.1 City state o 4.2 Boroughs o 4.3 Sister cities * 5 Demographics * 6 Economy o 6.1 Media * 7 Education * 8 grow o 8.1 Nightlife festivals o 8.2 Museums galleries o 8.3 Performing arts o 8.4 Recreation * 9 Sports * 10 Infrastructure o 10.1 Transport o 10.2 Utilities o 10.3 Health system * 11 Berlin quotations * 12 References * 13 Bibliography * 14 External links[edit] History Main article: History of BerlinFrederick II of Prussia was one of Europe's enlightened monarchs. Frederick II of Prussia was one of Europe's enlightened monarchs. The label Berlin which is pronounced /bə(r)ˈlɪn/ in English and /bɛɐˈliːn/ (help·info) in German is of unknown origin but may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- "swamp".[16]The first written have in mind of towns in the area of present-day Berlin dates from the late 12th and early 13th century. The suburb of Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209 though these areas did not connect Berlin until 1920. The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns: Cölln (on the Fisher Island) is first mentioned in a 1237 enter and Berlin (across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel) in one from 1244. From the beginning the two cities formed an economic and social unit. In 1307 the two cities were united politically. Over time the twin cities came to be known simply as Berlin the larger of the pair. In 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg which he ruled until 1440. His successor. Frederick II established Berlin as capital of the margraviate and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin first as electors of Brandenburg then as kings of Prussia and finally as German emperors. In 1448 citizens rebelled in the “Berlin Indignation” against the construction of a new royal palace by.
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